Documento de Trabajo

Un análisis del mercado de cobertura de riesgo en Chile y el mundo (A market analysis of hedging in Chile and worldwide)

Between the 1970`s and the 1980`s, the market of derivatives flourished. Forwards, futures and options began to be regularly traded. According to information gathered by The Bank of International Settlements, between January and April 1998, the value of over-the-counter (OTC) positions outstanding was over US$72 thousand billion, while the value of positions outstanding in organized

Trade Theory and Trade Facts

This paper quantitatively tests the «new trade theory» based on product differen-tiation, increasing returns, and imperfect competition. We employ a standard model, which allows both changes in the distribution of income among industrialized coun-tries, emphasized by Helpman and Krugman (1985), and nonhomothetic preferences, emphasized by Markusen (1986), to effect trade directions and volumes. In addition,

Environmental Taxes, Inefficient Subsidies and Income Distribution in Chile: A CGE Framework

Successful economic growth followed by Chile, based on open market and export strategy, is characterised by a high dependence on natural resources, and by polluting production and consumption patterns. There is an increasing concern about the need to make potentially significant trade-offs between economic growth and environmental improvements. Additionally, policy-makers have been reluctant to impose

Estimación de la evasión en el impuesto a las empresas en Chile (Estimates of tax evasion for Chilean companies)

Este trabajo estima la evasión en el impuesto a las empresas en Chile. La recaudación potencial del impuesto se estima realizando diversos ajustes al Excedente de Explotación del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales. La evasión estimada para 1997 es de $604.223 millones (unos US$1.440 millones), lo que representa un 41,7% de la recaudación teórica. Asimismo, los

El modelo económico y la cuestión social (The economic model and the social question)

En este artículo hay una revisión de la discusión conceptual respecto a la interrelación entre mercado y desigualdad. ¿El sistema capitalista genera inevitablemente una distribución inequitativa? La meritocracia sería el argumento central para justificar dicha situación. Pero, ¿existe en Chile una sociedad meritocrática? ¿Hasta qué punto las condiciones iniciales condicionan la trayectoria individual de cada

Subsidies in Chilean Public Utilities

Chile es uno de los países con peor desigualdad del ingreso de América Latina e incluso del mundo. Al mismo tiempo, durante la última década, el «modelo chileno» ha sido considerado como un ejemplo paradigmático que debiera ser imitado por los países en desarrollo y en particular, por los países latinoamericanos. ¿Cómo se concilian estos

Pobreza y distribución del ingreso en Chile (década del 90) (Poverty and income distribution in Chile during the 1990s)

This paper makes an analysis of subsidies in Chile`s public utilities. Rates rebalancing have practically eliminated cross subsidies, and current subsidy programs are funded from the national budget. Over the last decade in particular, significant efforts have been made to extend public services to rural populations, and a consumption subsidy for potable water currently benefits

La legislación laboral y el mercado del trabajo en Chile: 1975-2000 (Labor legislation and the labor market in Chile: 1975-2000)

Los costos sociales de la crisis macroeconómica de los años ochenta, la creciente integración a los mercados internacionales y los efectos de la competencia en actividades tradicionales e intensivas en mano de obra; han llevado a muchos países latinoamericanos a reformar sus normativas laborales con el fin de mejorar el funcionamiento de sus mercados del

Optimal Fiscal Strategy for Oil Exporting Countries

This paper develops simple guidelines for scal policy in oil producing countries, focusing on three issues: intergenerational oil distribution, precautionary saving, and adjustment costs. The paper presents a framework to analyze how the revenue generated by an exhaustible source of wealth that belongs to the government should be distributed between current and future generations. This

Comparación de las Canastas Exportadoras de América Latina y Asia (Comparing Latin American and Asian export products)

Este artículo examina la similitud y el grado de competencia existente entre las canastas exportadoras de países asiáticos y latinoamericanos. Las canastas exportadoras de países latinoamericanos ¿son similares o distintas?, ¿cuál es el grado de competencia que hay entre países latinoamericanos que exportan a un mismo mercado? Luego, a través del uso de un modelo

Measuring the Performance of Chile

This purpose of this article is to develop an effectiveness indicator (EI) for Chile’s tax administration. We assume that the goal of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service (SII) is to maximize tax revenue while minimizing compliance costs. Sample taxpayer surveys and statistical information both show that SII service standards – a proxy for compliance costs

Poisoned Grapes, Mad Cows and Protectionism

This paper studies two episodes where a ban on imports was imposed to safeguard people`s health. The rst case is the poisoned grapes crisis involving Chile and the United States in 1989. The second is the «mad cows» dispute, which broke out in 1996, between the United Kingdom and the European Union. These case studies